Question 40 from UPSC CSE 2025 - Current Affairs (S&T)

Question

With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements:
I. They are man-made proteins.
II. They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens.
III. They are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. I, II, and III

Strategy: Identify the core nature and applications of monoclonal antibodies—statement I is directly confirmed by standard biology; monoclonal antibodies are indeed man-made proteins. Statement II is validated by their unique property of binding specific antigens, leading to immune effects, which underpins their clinical use. Statement III is also confirmed, as monoclonal antibodies have been used in the management of emerging viral infections including Nipah. No statement gives an extreme claim or unrelated fact, so all can be accepted as correct.

Key Info: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to act like natural antibodies in the immune system. They originate from a single clone of B cells and are identical, designed to bind to one specific epitope on an antigen with high specificity. This property allows them to target particular disease markers, such as those present on the surfaces of pathogens (viruses, bacteria) or abnormal cells (cancer). Their mode of action can include direct neutralization of pathogens, blocking of their entry into host cells, or marking diseased cells for immune destruction. Applications include treatment of cancers (e.g., rituximab, trastuzumab), autoimmune disorders (e.g., adalimumab), and infections. Monoclonal antibodies have played roles in the management of viral infections like COVID-19, Ebola, and Nipah. In outbreaks of Nipah virus, investigational monoclonal antibodies (such as m102.4) have been administered on compassionate grounds, aiding in viral neutralization and improving patient outcomes. Their use in diagnostics and targeted drug delivery also reflects their biomedical significance. The development and regulation of mAbs are overseen by multiple international and national agencies for safety and efficacy.

Answer

Option A: I and II only

Answer

Option B: II and III only

Answer

Option C: I and III only